Which two aspects does the Safety Management System integrate primarily?

The Safety Management System (SMS) primarily integrates safety management and environmental protection as its two core aspects. This integration is crucial because the SMS is designed to ensure that a vessel operates safely while also minimizing its impact on the environment.

By focusing on safety management, the system establishes protocols and procedures to identify, assess, and mitigate risks associated with ship operations. This includes training crew members, conducting regular safety drills, and ensuring compliance with safety regulations. On the environmental protection side, the SMS covers measures to prevent pollution, manage waste, and adhere to environmental legislation, thereby safeguarding marine ecosystems.

The synergy between safety and environmental protection is essential, as incidents that compromise safety often lead to environmental disasters. An effective SMS recognizes that both elements are interconnected and that managing one without consideration for the other can lead to inadequate practices. In contrast, other options do not holistically cover the diverse integration relevant to the SMS, which is aimed at fostering a culture of safety while simultaneously promoting sustainable practices.