What did Saxtons discover about empty ships in the year 1500?

The discovery that empty ships are less seaworthy speaks to the stability and balance of a vessel when it is not carrying cargo. An empty ship has a higher center of gravity and may lack the necessary ballast, which can make it more prone to capsizing or being heavily influenced by waves and winds. This vulnerability can lead to dangerous situations in adverse weather conditions, as the ship may not be able to maintain its intended course or keep its stability.

In the context of maritime safety and engineering, understanding the importance of cargo weight and distribution is essential for navigating effectively and securing the vessel's integrity. Vessels that are adequately ballasted and loaded are generally more stable and can perform better in rough seas. In this light, Saxton’s observation regarding the seaworthiness of empty ships underscores the critical relationship between cargo and the overall safety and performance of maritime vessels.