Describe the purpose of inert gas systems on oil tankers.

The purpose of inert gas systems on oil tankers is primarily to reduce the risk of fire and explosion. These systems work by replacing the flammable air in the cargo tanks with inert gas, typically nitrogen or a mixture of gases, which is not capable of supporting combustion. By lowering the oxygen concentration within the tanks, the inert gas system significantly mitigates the potential for ignition of flammable vapors that may be present during loading, unloading, or transport of the cargo.

This safety feature is crucial in protecting both the vessel and the crew from the hazards associated with transporting flammable liquids. Inert gas systems are designed to continuously monitor and maintain safe atmospheric conditions in the cargo spaces, and they play a vital role in the overall safety management practices aboard oil tankers.

Other options relate to different operational aspects of the tanker. Cooling cargo tanks is a function associated with temperature control but not the primary role of inert gas. Maintaining cargo temperature is also important for safe transport but is handled through different means, such as thermal insulation or active heating/cooling systems. Facilitating easier loading and unloading may be an ancillary benefit but is not the main function of inert gas systems. Their fundamental role is centered around preventing fire hazards associated with flammable cargoes.